ABSTRACT
Objective To determine the mortality and associated risk factors in the patients with diabetic foot ulcers. Methods One hundred and sixty-three patients with diabetic foot ulcers hospitalized from January 2001 to December 2006 were followed up until December 2009. Mortality rates were derived from Kaplan-Meier survival curves. The prognostic factors were evaluated with Cox proportional hazard model. Results Follow-up was successful in 139 out of 163 patients, with a mean follow-up period of(3.71 + 1. 80)years. 55 patients(39 males and 16 females)died during the follow-up. The 5-year mortality was 45.8% and mean survival time was 5.38 years(95% CI 4.87-5.89). The median survival time was 6.83 years. Age, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy were found to be independent prognostic factors for mortality. Conclusions Diabetic foot ulcers increased the mortality of diabetic patients. Age, smoking, hypertension, coronary artery disease, and diabetic nephropathy were predictive risk factors for mortality.
ABSTRACT
A total of 2794 diabetic patients admitted in the PLA Hospital N. 306 from 2000 to 2004 were analyzed for their in-patients cost, based on database according to the ICD-9 code and the standard forms for the investigation of medical expenditure. The average total medical cost of these in-patients Was 6557,6887,8235,9633 and ll785 RMB Yuan (1 US Dollar=8.1 RMB Yuan) from 2000 to 2004, respectively. Comparing with that in 2000, the average medical cost for these in. patients increased 5%,26%,47% and 80% from 2001 to 2004, respectively; of which 17%,19%,47% and 96% for drugs; 5%,29%,56% and 92% for the examinations. The total medical cost, drug and examination cost increased 1.01,1.14 and 1.10 times for the diabetic patients with cerebral infarction, 1.16,1.37 and 1.12 times with hypertension, and 1.124,1.11 and 1.18 times with cholecystitis and/or gallstones, as compared with their counterparts without diabetes mellitus.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To make it clear whether there exists m elatonin receptor in the thyroid of human embryo. Methods: Thyr oid was collected and sliced up to be stained with methods of immunohistochemis try and in situ hybridization. Results: The thyroid tissue w as p ositively dyed, melatonin receptor mt1 and MT2 were with both immunohistoche mistry and in situ hybridization while brown granules dep osited in the membrane, plasma and nuclear of the thyroid cell were with the imm unohitochemistry. Conclusion: There exists melatonin rece ptors in human embryo thyroid, either mt1 or MT2, and they exist in the memb rane, plasma and nuclear.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To make it clear whether there exists melatonin receptor in the thyroid of human embryo. Methods: Thyroid was collected and sliced up to be stained with methods of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Results: The thyroid tissue was positively dyed, melatonin receptor mt 1 and MT 2 were with both immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization while brown granules deposited in the membrane, plasma and nuclear of the thyroid cell were with the immunohitochemistry. Conclusion: There exists melatonin receptors in human embryo thyroid, either mt 1 or MT 2, and they exist in the membrane, plasma and nuclear.